Copyright Infringement - Understand the consequences of illegally downloading music.

This past July, a Federal Jury ordered Joel Tenenbaum (a Boston University graduate student) who admitted illegally downloading and sharing music online to pay $675,000 to four record labels.

His crime: the illegal download and distribution of...... ...... ......30 songs.

In his closing statement, Charles Nesson (Tenenbaum's Attorney) suggested the damages should be as little as 99 cents per song, roughly the same amount Tenenbaum would have to pay if he legally purchased the music online.

But Tim Reynolds, a lawyer for the recording labels, recounted Tenenbaum’s history of file-sharing from 1999 to 2007, describing him as “a hardcore, habitual, long-term infringer who knew what he was doing was wrong.” Tenenbaum admitted on the witness stand that he had downloaded and shared more than 800 songs.

The recording industry focused on only 30 songs in the case.

And this past June, a federal jury in Minneapolis ruled that Jammie Thomas-Rasset, 32, must pay $1.92 million, or $80,000 on each of 24 songs, after concluding she willfully violated the copyrights on those tunes.

But to understand the fairness or unfairness of Copyright law, you must know how/when/why copyright law was created.

Subsequently the Copyright Clause of the United States Constitution (1787) authorized copyright legislation: "To promote the Progress of Science..., by securing for limited Times to Authors.... the exclusive Right to their... Writings."

The Rights of the Copyright Holder is as follows:
1.)the right to produce the work,
2.)the right to prepare derivative works based on the copyrighted work,
3.)the right to public distribution of copies of that work,
4.)the right to public performance of the work,
5.)the right to public display of the work, and
6.)the right to perform copyrighted sound recordings publicly by means of a digital audio transmission.

Copyrights generally exist for the life of the author plus 70 years.

Copyright Infringement is the violation of any of the six exclusive rights (see above) granted to the copyright owner.

Under the Copyright Act, willful infringement is a criminal offense if done for commercial advantage or financial gain. A second type of criminal offense was added to the Copyright Act following an incident in which a college student posted copyrighted software on a web site for others to download for free (we're talking about Napster here). This is the No Electronic Theft Act which imposes criminal penalties for willful infringement in which a person during any 180-day period reproduces or distributes one or more copies of copyrighted works with a total retail value of more than $1,000. Depending on the number of copies reproduced or distributed, the penalties may range from a fine of $100,000 and imprisonment up to one year to a fine of $250,000 and imprisonment for three years.

The best thing we can do now as consumers is to understand copyright law as well as its repercussions so that we do not end up in similar situations over a couple handfuls of songs.

Besides, you don't want to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars for a handful of songs that you could have purchased for ninety-nine cents, right?

Dodd introduces bill to freeze credit-card rates - MarketWatch

Dodd introduces bill to freeze credit-card rates - MarketWatch

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Credit Card Act of 2009

I received some EXCELLENT feedback from my readers about the Credit Card Interest Rate Law so I decided to follow it up with the Credit Card Act of 2009.

This was signed into law by President Barack Obama on May 22nd 2009. However most of the provisions go into effect Feb. 22, 2010, unless otherwise stated. Here's what the Credit Card Act of 2009 means (with caveats) and what to keep an eye on at the bottom of this post.

1. Retroactive rate increases
Issuers can't raise rates on an existing balance unless a promotional rate expired, the variable indexed rate increased or you paid late by 60 days or more. No longer will they be able to punish borrowers for late payments on unrelated accounts under the practice of universal default or due to "anytime, any reason" clauses.

If the cardholder does trigger the default rate because of a 60-day delinquency, the bank must restore the lower rate once the cardholder demonstrates six months of consecutive on-time payments. This provision takes effect in August 2009.

In general, rates can't be raised in the first year after issuance, and promotional rates must last at least six months. Exceptions include expiration of a promotional rate, termination or completion of a workout plan, a change in the index rate or a 60-day delinquency.

Caveat: Issuers can raise rates at any time for any reason on new balances with 45 days' advance notice. Cardholders will still need to read correspondence from their creditors.

2. More advance notice of rate hikes
Consumers get 45 days' notice before key contract changes take effect, including rate increases. Under the current Truth in Lending Act, cardholders only receive a 15-day heads up. This change takes effect Aug. 20, 2009.

Caveat: This provision doesn't apply to credit limit changes. If your issuer slashes your limit, notification isn't necessary unless the reduction would trigger a penalty, such as an overlimit fee.

The new rules also don't cap interest rates. The increased rate can still be triple your existing APR.

3. Fee restrictions
Cardholders will not face overlimit fees unless they elect to allow the creditor to approve overlimit transactions. Issuers can't charge more than one overlimit fee per billing cycle.

In general, banks can't charge consumers a fee to pay their credit card debt, a cost some cardholders encounter for payments made by telephone or Internet. They can impose a fee to expedite a payment.
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Payments received by the due date -- or the next business day, if the bank doesn't accept mailed payments on the due date -- won't trigger a late fee. If the cardholder pays at a local branch, the payment must be credited the same day.

The new law limits fees on "fee-harvester" subprime cards as well. In the first year after issuance, nonpenalty fees cannot take up more than 25 percent of the initial credit limit.


4. Restricts card issuance to students
Consumers under age 21 who can't prove an independent means of income or provide the signature of a co-signer aged 21 or older won't get approved for credit cards. The provision protects young people who lack the means or the knowledge to handle credit cards from miring themselves into debt, but could backfire by pushing students to payday lenders and pawnshops, says Greg McBride, senior financial analyst at Bankrate.com.

According to a recent Sallie Mae study, college students carried an average balance of $3,173 on their credit cards last year, a record high since the first analysis in 1998. A whopping 82 percent revolved a balance each month.

5. Ends double-cycle billing
The new law bans double-cycle billing, the practice of basing finance charges on the current and previous balance. Under this method, the issuer could charge interest on debt already paid off the previous month.

6. Fairer payment allocation
A close look at your card agreement will likely reveal a clause that explains that payments will be applied to lower-rate balances first. Not so anymore. The Credit CARD Act requires above-the-minimum payments to be applied first to the credit card balance with the highest interest rate.

7. More time to pay
Card companies must send statements 21 days before a payment is due. Current law requires a mere 14 days' notice. This provision goes into effect Aug. 20, 2009.

8. Gift card protections
The legislation includes protections for gift cardholders. The new law prohibits gift cards from expiring for at least five years. Issuer cannot assess inactivity fees unless the card has gone unused for 12 months.

(courtesy of www.bankrate.com)

Enhanced Consumer Disclosures

* Clear disclosure on how long it would take to pay off a credit card balance if cardholder makes only the minimum payment each month.
* Clear disclosure on the total cost in interest and principal payments if a cardholder makes only the minimum payment each month.
* Late payment deadline and postmark date are required to be clearly shown and disclosed to cardholders.


What to watch out for in the coming months

Because most of these new rules will not take effect for four months, it is important that you remain vigilant between now and then, and consider the affect this legislation might have on you.

Watch for:
-interest rate hikes on your credit cards. Some issuers may try to raise rates while they can.
-an accelerated loss in terms of the value of your rewards points. You may see your 5% gas rewards cut to 3% or 4%. Or your airline miles may not go as far as they could.
-the possibility of being charged an annual fee to participate in rewards programs. “Premium” reward programs have been emerging recently, but you may see more of them in coming months.
-watch your mailbox carefully for “opt in” agreements for the over the limit transactions.Who knows how the credit card companies will try to implement this, but you know that they will want you to opt in.

It’s good practice any time, but be especially careful to read everything you get from your credit cards in the coming months.